A Review on Decentralized Control Techniques in a Microgrid using various Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

Abstract

The centralized power grid abides a heavy burden while consumers expect an uninterrupted reliable power supply. Further complexities increase by a satisfying reduction in carbon emissions, increased efficiency within the national grid and power supplied to remote communities. This has led to alternatives being sought for centralized power generation, which is prone to outages due to long distance transmission. This is a substantial contributor to global carbon emissions, has large transmission losses and is often not a practical solution when supplying remote communities. Distributed generation (DG) becomes an alternative in this context by producing power close to its point of consumption, often utilizing carbon neutral, renewable energy (RE) sources (sun, wind). Apart from many benefits of the microgrid, there are several problems and challenges in the integration with power systems in terms of control and stability issues. To overcome such issues, Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) may be the next solution level in the enhancement of system stability with quality power supply. In this paper, a brief review of the microgrid architecture, their challenges, the control topologies, and techniques have been discussed. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) characterized by the coupling of energy storage technologies are emerged as a solution to achieve the desired performance by combining the appropriate features of different technologies. Exploration of different researchers confirms that the control of ESSs has an effective role in stability analysis, economic analysis of MGs. A discussion about the control methods of Microgrid with ESSs and future trends are also presented. As single ESS technology cannot fulfill the desired operation due to its limited capability and potency in terms of lifespan, cost, energy and power density, and dynamic response, different ESSs operation configurations considering storage type, interface, control method, and the provided service have been proposed.