Findings of the Wheat Nematode Anguina Tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) Chitwood, 1935 and their Significance in Growing Plants

Abstract

The Purpose of the Research: To conduct phytohelminthological studies on wheat in order to detect the wheat nematode Anguina tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) Chitwood, 1935 and to find out their significance in plant cultivation.

Materials and Methods: We studied the fauna of wheat nematodes and its root soil collected from grain-growing farms of the republic in the spring-summer periods of 2019-2021. The collection of materials was carried out by the generally accepted route method. The survey was carried out 2 times, in the middle of the growing season (April) during harvesting (June). When isolating nematodes, the Berman funnel method was used. For the determination of phytonematodes, permanent preparations were prepared according to the Seinhorst method. When determining the species of plant nematodes, monographic works and an atlas of plant nematodes compiled at the Institute of Parasitology of the Russian Academy of Sciences were used. Morphometric parameters of nematodes were calculated according to the generally accepted de Mann formula.

Results and Discussion. As a result of the research, the wheat nematode Anguina and tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) Chitwood, 1935 was registered in wheat ears in the surveyed grain-sowing farms in 5 regions of Uzbekistan. In plant organs and root soil at different stages of development, larval stages of the nematode of two and three years of age were recorded. Population density, depending on habitat conditions, ranged from 8 to 60 larvae per 100 cm³ of soil and roots, and in stems and leaves from 12 to 25 larvae per 20 g. In heavily infested ears of wheat, the number of galls ranged from 9 to 50 ind. For the effectiveness of agrotechnical measures, such as crop rotation in the fight against wheat nematode, experiments were carried out to assess the viability of wheat nematode larvae. One-year-old, two-year-old and three-year-old galls were selected and the number of larvae was counted. It turned out that in annual galls, the number of viable larvae was more numerous compared to biennial and three-year-old galls. This is due to the fact that after a period of time, the accumulated food reserves in the body were used up for the viability of the larvae.