Prehabilitation Programs To Optimize Surgical Outcomes

Abstract

Background: The method of prehabilitation provides a new approach which boosts surgical patients' operational ability ahead of surgery to produce better results during recovery. A multiple-specialty team addresses preoperative patient care through physical exercise with diet optimization and mental support. Prehabilitation enhances patients before surgery to prevent complications while decreasing hospitalization periods and speeding up recovery which results in superior surgical results.
Objectives: The main goal of this research was to understand how structured preoperative rehabilitation treats patients before surgeries to enhance their procedural outcomes. The research investigated how preoperative intervention affected surgical complications and maintenance of hospital stay duration.
Study design: This was a prospective study.
Place and duration of study. Department of Surgery QHAMC, Nowshera Medical college ,Nowshera from jan 2021 to june 2021
Methods: Two hundred patients undergoing elective major surgery participated in this study. Two groups of patients participated in this study with 100 participants enrolled in each group where 100 patients received standard preoperative care while the other 100 patients experienced prehabilitation. A preoperative program spanning four weeks provided patients with physical exercise supervision alongside specific nutrition guidance as well as psychological support. The research evaluated two major outcomes such as postoperative complications together with hospital stay duration and postoperative functional status recovery. The statistical analysis through SPSS software adopted p < 0.05 as the determination of significance.
Results: Two hundred patients participated in the study whose mean age stood at 62.4 years with SD = 10.2. The patients who received prehabilitation suffered fewer postoperative complications than the control participants with 18% versus 30% (p = 0.03). Prehabilitation patients experienced reduced hospitalization duration of 6.2 ± 1.5 days compared to control patients who stayed for 8.1 ± 2.0 days (p < 0.01). Patients in the prehabilitation group achieved better functional recovery results based on the results of the 6-minute walk test (420 ± 50 meters vs. 380 ± 55 meters, p = 0.02). The prehabilitation intervention caused no negative side effects.
Conclusion: Designing structured preoperative exercises creates better postoperative results for surgical patients through decreased medical complications and shortened hospital recovery periods. Clinical practice should implement preoperative interventions because such measures enhance functional recovery in surgical patients. Data from this study confirms prehabilitation must become a standard part of preoperative care mainly for patients at high surgical risk because it streamlines recovery and improves their general health state.