Infectious Granulomatous Diseases of Oral Cavity: A Concise review

Abstract

Infectious granulomatous conditions of the oral tissue are infrequent, but they do arise which is most of the time remain unrecognised because of the wide range of potential etiologic illnesses and the unusual presentation of the such lesions. Granulomatous inflammation are distinct form of the chronic inflammatory response which is histologically comprised of macrophages in the epithelioid form and is usually surrounded by a ring of lymphocytes. In close to the lymphocytes, fibroblasts and collagen fibres may also be detected.
This inflammatory response which manifests in several infectious, toxic, allergic, autoimmune and neoplastic disorders as well as conditions with unknown causes, is a common pathological condition. The most familiar clinical presentation include persistent swelling of the affected areas including ulceration. The most typical differential diagnosis includes tooth-associated infections, Crohn's disease, sarcoidosis and foreign body responses. Therefore, an appropriate clinical, histological and laboratory estimation is essential to recognize its source of origin.
Furthermore, it is now the dentist's role to include these conditions while making a differential diagnosis of any suspected oral lesions. Also, they should be familiar with its clinical manifestations as it is important and often serious disease. It ensures timely treatment and helping in maintaining the oral health care at primary stage.
This article emphasized the causes, pathophysiology, clinical features and histopathological features of granulomatous diseases within the oral soft and hard tissues.