Acute Febrile Illness: A Systematic Review Of Infectious Aetiologies Among Patients

Abstract

Acute febrile fever, a key rationale for hospitalization, and the infections that accompany it cause significant morbidity and death in children globally, as well as in athletes during training and competitive seasons. Infections of the central nervous system are a rare cause of AFE (Acute febrile encephalopathy) in the elderly. Scrub typhus meningoencephalitis is rare and frequently overlooked in the elderly. Human febrile disease agents can differ by region and nation, implying that diagnosis, treatment, and control programs must rely on a methodological review of area-specific aetiologies. Malaria transmission is declining in many parts of the world, and the use of rapid tests for malaria has made people more aware of arboviruses, rickettsioses, leptospirosis, and respiratory viruses as possible causes of fevers. Arboviruses are the world’s most prevalent cause of human febrile sickness. In recent decades these are among the important pathogens discovered, causing significant outbreaks of human disease. Rickettsial infections, which are newly developing vector-borne re-emerging febrile illnesses in which humans are accidental dead hosts, are a prominent source of non-malarial febrile sickness. Over the last decade, there has been an increase in public awareness of non-malarial febrile diseases. The high temperature of the body is associated with an increase in metabolic demands, dehydration or dryness, and temperature dysregulation. We conducted a thorough literature analysis and summarised the current epidemiology, illuminating various variables that contribute to the development of this disease across the world.